Archives for January 2009

Link between Parkinson Disease and Gaucher’s Disease

My non-science brain is trying to process all the information there is out there on Gaucher’s disease. 

In my research, I’ve come across quite a few recent articles regarding a link between Parkinsons and GD, even on the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research.  Google has over 125,000 documents listing both of those diseases in the same page.  (I know that doesn’t mean there are 125,000 pages on the two together, they could be just listed on the same page).  I definitely want to look more into this, as perhaps this is one of the missing pieces of one of the puzzles…

Understanding the Role of Glucocerebrosidase in Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis
Parkinson’s Disease and Gaucher’s disease share many clinical and neuropathological features.Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease with AT2101, a Compound that Increases the Activity of Endogenous Glucocerebrosidase
Genetic association studies have suggested a link between Parkinson’s and Gaucher disease. Gaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the gene GBA, which results in a loss of glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme activity and a toxic accumulation of glucosylceramide in the lysosomes. Several studies have found an over-representation of GBA mutations among patient’s with Parkinson’s disease (up to 14 percent in non-Jewish populations and 30 percent in Ashkenazi Jews)…Together these models will provide a test of AT2101 efficacy for the reduction of alpha-synuclein in both Gaucher-associated and idiopathic Parkinson’s.

More politics of doctoring…

One of the reasons I blog all of this is that it is therapeutic for me.  (Also, my brain and thoughts are all over the place, and since I am not the most organized of people, having all my notes, thoughts, and feelings in one place makes it easier for me to be organized.)  Maureen brought up such good points here that she made me really take a step back and look at the bigger picture today after the phone call below.

After what happened yesterday with Dr. G’s nurse coordinator, I sent an email to Dr. W., Hannah’s guardian angel (and top Gaucher’s specialist) from back east to touch base.  I also asked if he knew Dr. E. (to see if she really was a world-reknown pediatrician in lysosomal storage diseases).  Here was his response…”Dr. E. is a superb physician and wonderful person. She is an excellent geneticist whom I know personally. She did some of her training at XYZ and I am sure that she encountered some Gaucher patients there. I always think of her, however, more in terms of Fabry disease, a condition in which she is a world expert, and perhaps that’s why I didn’t mention her name previously. If it doesn’t raise too many political hackles, having her involved in Hannah’s care can only be beneficial!”

As I was driving home from picking up Little Girl A from preschool (along with Big Boy E and Hannah in the car), I got a phone call from an “unknown number.”  It was Dr. E., the director of the genetics department at the hospital that I mentioned below, and Dr. G’s boss.  She was very nice.  She just wanted to introduce herself to me, share her credentials, and to let me know that she will be taking over coverage of Hannah’s infusions (apparently Dr. G. doesn’t have infusion priviledges, so it all has to go through her anyway).  She also offered to take over complete coverage of Hannah’s care if we decide to.  She asked me if I wanted to set up a consultation with her so she can review Hannah’s case.

I took into consideration what Dr. W. said, what happened yesterday on the phone with Dr. G’s nurse coordinator, and the fact that I am now realizing that Hannah is a very unique Gaucher’s case (which means she will get special attention because apparently doctors like a challenge), my husband and I decided we are going to go ahead and switch to Dr. E’s service.  She only has clinic hours on Wednesdays, but she wants us to meet us at the Infusion Center on next Thursday to do a consultation and to give us a tour of the infusion center and what to expect.

It is so strange having Hannah be so “popular” among the doctors.  Where at one point we felt like she was being neglected, we now feel like she is being fought over.  Even having Dr. W. be there with answers to every single one of my questions within a few hours and showing such a true compassion for Hannah has been a godsend for us.  Just knowing that she is in the hands of two world-reknown Gaucher experts and another expert in lysosomal storage diseases is just a nice comforting blanket for us.  (I hope I don’t regret saying this!)

Frontal bossing?

Frontal Bossing

I finally got a copy of Hannah’s records from the hospital where all of her specialists are downtown.  Dr. G., the genetics doctor, wrote a letter to Hannah’s pediatrician, Dr. B.  regarding our last visit.  He mentioned he noticed “frontal bossing” on her forehead. 

According to the NIHfrontal bossing is an unusually prominent forehead, sometimes associated with a heavier than normal brow ridge.  Frontal bossing is seen only in a few rare syndromes, including acromegaly, a chronic disorder caused by too much growth hormone, which leads to enlargement of the bones of the face, jaw, hands, feet, and skull.

Hannah definitely has a very pronounced forehead, just like in this picture.  I’ve noticed it since birth.  I brought it up to Dr. B., our pediatrician, and he didn’t seem to concerned about it.  I can’t find much about a relationship between Gaucher’s Disease and frontal bossing online, but this is definitely something I’m going to bring up with Dr. S., the Gaucher’s specialist, in two weeks when we see him.

Possible oral enzyme replacement therapy instead of IV infusion?

This gives me hope that Hannah may not have to have IV infusions (Cerezyme) when she is older for the physical symptoms of Gaucher’s Disease!  Being able to take a pill would be so much easier!!!!  Need to keep my eye on this one!  (Hopefully we don’t have to worry about neuro symptoms, but if we do, we have a lot more work to do!)

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Amicus Therapeutics Presents Positive Data from Phase 2 Clinical Trial of Plicera(TM) for Gaucher Disease

Amicus Therapeutics, a biopharmaceutical company developing small-molecule, orally administered pharmacological chaperones for the treatment of human genetic diseases, announced today that the Company will present positive results from a Phase 2 clinical study of Plicera(TM) (isofagomine tartrate) for Gaucher disease at the American College of Medical Genetics (ACMG) Annual Meeting from March 12-16 in Phoenix, AZ. Results from the fully enrolled Phase 2 trial support the previously reported interim findings that Plicera was generally safe and well tolerated at all doses and increased target enzyme activity levels in a majority of patients.

Phase 2 Plicera data presented at ACMG

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate safety and tolerability of different doses and dosing regimens of Plicera. The secondary objective was to evaluate certain pharmacodynamic measures of treatment, including effects on GCase (the enzyme deficient in individuals with Gaucher disease) levels in white blood cells.

Thirty patients with Gaucher disease (8 men and 22 women between the ages of 18 and 63) were enrolled, and there were 12 unique alleles represented including the most common N370S and L444P mutations. Patients were on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with imiglucerase for an average of 9 years prior to entering the trial, and they temporarily discontinued ERT to receive Plicera for the 4 week duration of the study.

    The key findings from the trial were as follows:

      -- Plicera was generally well-tolerated at all doses evaluated,
         and no serious adverse events were reported.
      -- GCase activity as measured in white blood cells was increased
         in 20 of the 26 patients with evaluable GCase data, and 5 of
         the 6 patients without a clear increase were either in the
         lowest dose cohort or the cohort dosed least frequently.
      -- As expected in this short term study, the levels of relevant
         markers of Gaucher disease including platelet counts,
         hemoglobin levels, glucocerebroside (substrate) levels,
         chitotriosidase activity and pulmonary activation-related
         chemokine (PARC) levels were maintained.

“These data give us great confidence in moving our Gaucher program forward,” said John F. Crowley, President and CEO of Amicus Therapeutics. “In addition to a 6-month Phase 2 study in individuals naive to ERT, which is currently underway, we plan to initiate a longer-term study in individuals switching from enzyme replacement therapy to Plicera in the second half of this year.”

Politics of being a doctor?

Would you believe I’m just now getting around to be able to blog something that happened this morning?  Crazy day!

I got a call from Dr. G’s nurse coordinator today (Hannah’s genetics doctor).  She wanted to know why we were switching to Dr. E. (the head of the genetics dept whose own nurse coordinator called me yesterday to set up an appointment and tell me Dr. E. is taking Hannah’s case now).  Long story short, but there is definitely some politicking (?) going around up there regarding Hannah.  From what I gathered, Dr. E. really doesn’t take on new cases anymore, but Hannah is such a unique case that she wanted to take it over firsthand from Dr. G. 

I was SO uncomfortable during that conversation because wanted to know why we wanted to switch to Dr. E. and if we sought her out directly.  I told her the only doctor we sought out was Dr. S., the Gaucher’s type 3 specialist up in Dallas.  I didn’t even know who Dr. E. was before I was told we were being changed.  When I explained that when Dr. E’s nurse coordinator called yesterday, she acted as if it was already done, so we just assumed it was right (since our Genzyme rep told us it was coming).  Dr. G’s nurse coordinator kept saying how “Hannah is still Dr. G’s patient now” and how we need to choose between Dr. G. and Dr. E. for lead care of Hannah. 

I guess I should feel positive that Hannah’s care is being “fought over” and not being neglected.   But it really comes down to this — when given the option (and apparently I do have one), would I prefer someone who has studied Gaucher’s disease extensively along with other lysosomal storage diseases and is the director of genetics at this hospital or would I prefer to stay with the genetics doctor we have had all along who isn’t that familiar with it.  Honestly, it seems pretty clear what to choose.

Fortunately, we are seeing Dr. S., the Gaucher’s type 3 specialist, up in Dallas on 2/12, so hopefully we will get a lot of insight into GD.  I also plan to ask him about Dr. E. and see if she really is as “top notch” in this specialty as it seems on paper.

Gaucher’s Disease – in the news!

Amicus Therapeutics, Inc. (FOLD) Announces Fourth Quarter and Year End 2008 Financial Results Release Date
…Amicus is initially targeting lysosomal storage disorders, which are severe, chronic genetic diseases with unmet medical needs. Amicus has completed Phase 2 clinical trials of Amigal for the treatment of Fabry disease and is conducting Phase 2 clinical trials of Plicera for the treatment of Gaucher disease and AT2220 for the treatment of Pompe disease.