Archives for April 2009

Raptor Pharmaceuticals Receives Notices of Allowance for Two NeuroTrans(TM) Patent Applications

http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-technology-1/Raptor-Pharmaceuticals-Receives-Notices-of-Allowance-for-Two-NeuroTrans-28TM-29-Patent-Applications-4250-1/

Claims to Cover Therapeutic Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier

 

NOVATO, Calif., April 29 /PRNewswire-FirstCall/ — Raptor Pharmaceuticals Corp. (“Raptor” or the “Company”) (OTC Bulletin Board: RPTP) today announced that the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”) has issued two Notices of Allowance for U.S. Patent Application Nos. 10/812,849 and 11/202,566, titled “Methods of increasing delivery of active agents to brain comprising administering receptor-associated protein (“RAP”) fragments conjugated to active agents.”

 

(Logo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20071022/NYM074LOGO)

 

The newly allowed claims relate to Raptor’s NeuroTrans(TM) platform and generally cover the use of its proprietary RAP peptides in the delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents across the BBB into the central nervous system (“CNS”). The claims broadly encompass all neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s Disease, Huntington’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Amytrophic Lateral Sclerosis. We expect the official patents to issue in 2009, and if they do, will have a preliminary patent term that expires in 2023.

 

NeuroTrans(TM) has been designed to deliver drugs across the BBB in a minimally invasive way by conjugating them to RAP peptides engineered by Raptor. Hundreds of neurodegenerative disorders are ineffectively treated because most drugs are unable to penetrate the BBB and deliver a therapeutic effect. The development of effective brain targeting and delivery technologies, such as NeuroTrans(TM), has the potential to address the challenges involved in treating many of these CNS disorders.

 

Christopher M. Starr, Ph.D., Raptor’s Chief Executive Officer and Co-Founder, commented, “We are pleased that the USPTO has allowed pivotal claims that may offer strong

http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-technology-1/Raptor-Pharmaceuticals-Receives-Notices-of-Allowance-for-Two-NeuroTrans-28TM-29-Patent-Applications-4250-2/

How Cells Function: Missing Target For Calcium Signaling Identified

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/04/090422132837.htm

ScienceDaily (Apr. 29, 2009) — An international study led by Ohio State University neuroscience researchers describes one of the missing triggers that controls calcium inside cells, a process important for muscle contraction, nerve-cell transmission, insulin release and other essential functions.

The research is being posted online April 22 in the journal Nature.

The researchers believe the findings will enhance the understanding of how calcium signals are regulated in cells and shed light on new ways to treat many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, metabolic diseases, cancer, and brain disorders.

The study found that molecular structures called two-pore channels (TPCs) cause the release of calcium when stimulated by a substance called NAADP.

The researchers also show that TPCs are located in the membranes of cell components called lysosomes and endosomes. These are mobile structures within cells that were not previously thought to be sites of calcium release.

Furthermore, the discharge of calcium from these structures can prompt much larger releases from stores located on the large and elaborate membrane network called the endoplasmic reticulum.

“Our study discovered one of the missing targets for calcium signaling,” says Michael Xi Zhu, associate professor of neuroscience and a researcher with Ohio State’s Center for Molecular Neurobiology. “It also nails down that NAADP receptors are located on lysosomes and endosomes, which should change people’s views of calcium signaling.

“It’s as if we now understand that cells have not only a primary battery for calcium but other batteries in different places.”

Researchers have known for some time that NAADP, or nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate, stimulates calcium release inside cells, but there was controversy about how this happened and where this calcium source was located.

Zhu, working with colleagues at the University of Edinburgh, the University of Oxford and UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School in New Jersey, used gene sequence information to discover first that TPC proteins should have the properties of a calcium channel.

The investigators tested their hypothesis in a series of experiments that involved boosting TPC levels – specifically, TPC2 – in a line of laboratory cells. They found that higher TPC2 levels corresponded to higher calcium levels in cells exposed to NAADP.

They used fluorescent antibody labeling to show that the TPC proteins are localized in the membranes of lysosomes and endosomes, which are two types of vesicles in cells. Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest materials and kill bacteria, while endosomes contain materials taken up from the external environment and internalized.

Finally, the researchers found that these NAADP-sensitive stores of calcium are tightly coupled to the larger calcium stores on the endoplasmic reticulum.

This work was supported by grants from the U.K. Wellcome Trust, British Heart Foundation, U.S. National Institutes of Health and American Heart Association.

Texas CLASS, MDCP, and HCS programs

At the suggestion of Hannah’s developmental therapist, I called and got Hannah signed up for 3 Texas-based support programs.  The waiting list is incredibly long for these programs, but at least Hannah will be in the system. 

* CLASS (Community Living Assistance and Support Services):  Provides home and community-based services to adults and children with related conditions as a cost-effective alternative to ICF-MR/RC institutional placement. People with related conditions have a qualifying disability, other than mental retardation, which originated before age 22, that affects their ability to function in daily life.  Hannah’s place in the waitlist – #25,849 (approximately 12 years!)

* MDCP (Medically Dependent Children’s Program):  Provides services to support families caring for children and young adults who are medically dependent and to encourage de-institutionalization of children in nursing facilities.   Hannah’s place in the waitlist – #12×799 (approximately 9 years!)

* HCS (Home and Community Services):  Similar to MDCP, but more community based. 

The good thing about these programs now is that she will be in their system.  There will be other services that she will be or may be eligible for  that we could obtain much sooner (months rather than years) that would be very helpful, but we need to get “into the system” first!

Ocular Motor Apraxia and Supranuclear Palsy

We had Hannah’s NeuroOpthalmology appointment yesterday.  The appointment was at 11:45 am downtown.  Daddy showed up from work to wait with us because he wanted to hear what the doctor had to say.  At 12:45 pm, he had to go back to work.  We didn’t initially get to see the doctor until 1:30 pm!  I was getting so pissed.  Then, we saw her for about 3 minutes, and she had her nurse dilate Hannah’s eyes.  So, we had to wait ANOTHER 30 minutes, and we then saw the neuroopthalmologist for for another 5 minutes!  I felt like we were there all day! 

We didn’t learn anything new, but it was a good idea to get set up with a neuroopthalmologist on Hannah’s team beause we know how seriously the eyes can be affected by her disease.  She basically confirmed everything that Dr. Schiffmann, Hannah’s neurologist and GD expert, had diagnosed her with 3 months ago. 

Supranuclear gaze palsy and lack of saccadic eye movements, which she called by a new term.  But she did call it a new term.  Ocular Motor Apraxia.   I found this information on a Scottish medical site which helps explain it.  I posted bits of the article below.

Medical Information on Ocular Motor Apraxia
What we see is made in the brain from signals given to it by the eyes.
What we see is in fact made in the brain. The brain makes sight from signals given to it by the eyes.

What is Ocular Motor Apraxia?
‘Fast’ eye movements are called saccades. We use saccade eye movements to quickly change the direction that our eyes are looking. This helps us look at something that has suddenly moved near to us. This is so the eyes can focus sharply on an object. The eyes can then give clear signals to the brain to make clear vision. It also helps us quickly move our eyes across a page of writing while reading. Saccades are important in many other visual tasks. Ocular Motor Apraxia is a condition where a child has a breakdown (failure) in starting (initiating) fast eye movements.

How is Ocular Motor Apraxia diagnosed and how does it affect the way a child sees?
Ocular Motor Apraxia is often diagnosed by doctors asking parents questions about their child. Children often ‘thrust’ their head from side to side to change the direction they are looking. ‘Head Thrusts’ are a typical movement that helps a child overcome their difficulty in moving their eyes quickly. Children may also blink to start a fast eye movement. Parents will notice this. These children often tend to have difficulty reading. They may also dislike travelling in cars, as they will have difficulty seeing things passing by outside of the car.

During an examination of the child’s eye movements an eye doctor can confirm the diagnosis. Sometimes other tests are also done. This may be to see if there is a cause for the condition. Often no cause is found. This is called idiopathic.

Does ocular motor apraxia get better?
The lack of eye movement in ocular motor apraxia is first seen during the first few weeks of life. The movements of the head develop later. During this early stage the baby may wrongly be thought to have poor vision because moving targets can’t be followed by the eyes. Quick side to side head movements called head thrusts may then develop. Long term follow up has shown that these head movements decrease gradually over a number of years in many children.

How can parents, family, friends and teachers make a difference?
Ocular motor apraxia may develop on its own. It is however more commonly seen along with other conditions. These conditions might cause slowing of some aspects of development. As far as vision is concerned there are a number of things to think about.

We use our vision to get around, learn new things and to meet other people and make friends. Most children with Ocular Motor Apraxia have few problems getting around. The way they act can give the impression that their vision is normal. It is important however to be aware of their own special problems with vision.

It can be difficult for the child to choose to look in a particular direction. This means that the child may not look at you. This does not mean that the child is not paying attention.

The child may find it difficult to follow moving objects, especially when they are small. Television programmes with fast movement, such as cartoons, may not be seen easily, and the child may choose to watch programmes in which there is less movement, like panel games. Children with ocular motor apraxia may choose to get close to the television. This does not cause any harm.

Some things, which are moving quickly, may not be spotted because the ability to locate and follow moving targets is reduced. It is important to teach how to cross roads safely. Ball sports can also be difficult. When a child is old enough it is worth practicing throwing and catching.

A child who chooses to use head thrusts should not be made to stop doing this. They are trying to improve their vision and are often doing it without knowing it.

Difficulties at school may be due to some of the reading books being hard to see. This often means it takes longer and more effort to do the work. If the size of print is increased most children find schoolwork easier. They may also benefit from using a computer software programme while reading. The programme only shows one word of a sentence at a time. It is in the middle of the computer screen. This reduces the need for fast saccadic eye movements. It can increase reading speed and reduce tiredness.

SickKids Corporate Ventures office licenses new compound that may treat lysosomal storage and neurological disorders

http://www.sickkids.ca/AboutSickKids/News-Room/Past-News/2009/SickKids-Corporate-Ventures-office-licenses-new-news.html

The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) has licensed its rights to a new compound to Neuraltus Pharmaceuticals in order to further research and development, and move the technology into clinical trials. The compound, which was developed in collaboration with Neuraltus, may be useful in treating certain lysosomal storage disorders and neurological disorders.

Neuraltus approached Dr. Clifford Lingwood, Senior Scientist in the Molecular Structure & Function program at the SickKids Research Institute when they noticed synergies between work they were doing and a publication he had authored. After a year and a half of collaboration between the two groups, enough data was generated to patent the pharmaceutical technology and focus on the development of a novel compound for the treatment of lysosomal storage disorders.

“In a healthy human, cell structures called lysosomes process and breakdown unwanted substances inside the cell,” said Lingwood. “Individuals suffering from a lysosomal storage disorder have a build up of the unwanted substances within the cells.” This can lead to any of approximately 40 known lysosomal storage disorders with a wide variety of symptoms, including developmental delays, muscular disorders, seizures, deafness and blindness, and can end in death. Neuraltus and Lingwood will continue to perform research in hopes of developing the compound as a treatment for a number of these disorders.

The compound, collaboratively developed by Lingwood and Neuraltus, affects lysosomal storage disorders by reducing the rate at which a molecule called a glycolipid is created within the body. Overproduction of glycolipds can interfere with how the cells grow and mature, how the cells adhere to each other and their ability to prevent tumours from forming. This can lead to serious disorders like Tay-Sachs, Gaucher’s, and Fabry’s diseases.

After an initial patent application had been filed, the compound was also found to have an additional affect on neurodegenerative disorders, and researchers at the Parkinson’s Institute in Sunnyvale, CA joined the collaboration. Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson’s disease damage or destroy cells in the brain and spinal cord, and can impede movement and interfere with memory and brain function. A patent application has also been filed for this new use for the compound.

The license for SickKids’s patent rights to the technology was developed and negotiated by SickKids’ Corporate Ventures office and is effective as of February 1. SickKids will continue to collaborate with Neuraltus and the Parkinson’s Institute to further develop the compound.

Community Fundraising Ideas

I started going through all my emails from the past couple of days, and I came across one from another mom which had some great ideas on it.  These are some great community-based charity fundraising suggestions.  She gave me permission to share it with all of you. 

Some of these look like a lot of fun, and I can see them being done here!  (We had put our big fall fundraiser on hold, but this could kickstart it!).  If you have any more ideas to share, please add them here, and I’ll add them to the list!

* community walk
* golf tournament or minature golf tournament
* carnival/faire with local companies who want to promote to families
* special “night” with local high school sports event,
* “game show” night which is like a theatre performance with locals as participants with prizes
* Local teams or running groups to take on child as other non-illness related events (ex:  “we are running for child’s-name at URL.com”)
* Local school calendar/neighborhood calendar (candids are good) to sell
* comedy night with local comedians
* concert with local musicians
* Community book sale/flea market with all proceeds going to child (can be online as well)
* Talk to local corporations about taking on child as their “inhouse” charity for the period
* Parent/child community dance/evening at local rec center
* Child Art Show with luncheon
* Sports tournament with local children/families
* Community-wide scavenger hunt with local businesses to donate to draw customers in plus participants pay an entry fee
 
* silent auction/raffle with any of these
* Tshirt sales with any of these
* Bracelet sales with any of these
* Food sales with many of these
 
* Talk to local school booster clubs for ideas
* Talk to local churches for ideas